Dharma in the dorm: MIT hires Buddhist chaplain
Tenzin Priyadarshi, a Buddhist monk with a physics degree, is Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s first Buddhist chaplain.

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.— Tenzin Priyadarshi’s path to becoming a Buddhist monk began when he was just 10 and he ran away from home in pursuit of the recurring “vision” he saw in his dreams of a monastery and an old man.

Tenzin, who grew up in an upper-class Hindu family of intellectuals and bureaucrats, slipped away from his boarding school one morning with the equivalent of $5 in his pocket. He left a note for his parents that he was embarking on a “spiritual quest.”

After a 24-hour train ride, he found himself at the foot of a mountain in Rajgir, India. It was at the top of that mountain where he found the very same monastery he had seen in his dreams, he said. He recognized the face of one of the monks who greeted him as the same man he had seen in his vision.

“This is what in Buddhist terms we call ‘karma,”’ he said, adding that his story may sound too fantastic to be true. “I have no reason to fabricate it,” he said.

The monks took him in, not realizing he was a runaway child.

“Even at that age, I looked like a 35-year-old guy,” said the 26-year-old, whose large forearms pour out of his monastic robes.

He probably never envisioned the pursuit of Buddhism would lead him to the United States, on the grounds of one of the nation’s elite universities: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he is the school’s first Buddhist chaplain.

Many colleges and universities have added Buddhist monks to their roster of chaplains as the religion has grown in the United States. MIT didn’t have one until Tenzin arrived in 2002, while he was completing his graduate work at Harvard Divinity School.

Tenzin’s parents, who knew about his fascination with Buddhism when he ran away, tracked him down eight days later. Although they disapproved of his interest in Buddhism, they agreed to let him split his time between a traditional school and the monastery.

Tenzin never had second thoughts about becoming a monk.

In 1992, he left India to study Buddhism in Nepal and Japan. He enrolled at Syracuse University in 1996 to study physics.

Tenzin isn’t hard to pick out of a crowd at MIT, given his habit of roller-blading across campus with his monastic robes flapping in the wind. But what has most impressed his students and colleagues is his encyclopedic command of a diverse range of subjects.

“I live to learn,” said Tenzin, who speaks five languages. “I live to study new things.”

He went from being ordained by the Dalai Lama to earning a physics degree, so it makes sense that Tenzin has found a home at MIT, where the scientists who surround him are on a similar path: unlocking the mysteries of the human mind.

“The methods are different, but the goal is the same,” he said. “They’re both looking at the nature of reality, whether it’s physical or metaphysical.”

Tenzin, whose name in Tibetan means “holder of dharma,” said he believed his religion’s teachings and practices — including meditation — could help students cope with the pressures of attending one of the world’s most prestigious universities.

“It is visibly the most stressed-out campus in the world,” he said. “I believed I could help ease the suffering in students.”

Robert Randolph, senior associate dean for student life at MIT and a Protestant minister, recruited Tenzin after hearing about him from colleagues at Harvard University.

“It has paid off wonderfully,” Randolph said. “We wanted to have a religious presence on campus to serve our Buddhist students, but he also has broadened the experience of students who wouldn’t know how to spell ‘Buddhism.”’

One percent of college students identify as Buddhist, according to a recent study of college students’ spiritual and religious practices, conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute and funded by the Templeton Foundation. The same study found that Buddhist students had high levels of charitable involvement and religious skepticism and they espoused ecumenical world views.

Tenzin not only teaches and counsels students, he also lives in a campus residence hall, in a studio equipped with a meditation room and a laptop with a high-speed Internet connection.

He started with only three students, who gathered in his room for meditation sessions and a weekly class on basic Buddhist philosophy. His class has since grown to 30 to 40 students, and he has added a forum on contemporary ethical issues called “Dharma and Chai.” Next semester, he said he plans to start teaching a new course, “Practice of Contemplation.”

Tenzin said his students know he isn’t there to convert them.

“It’s a very nonthreatening tradition, and it doesn’t require any conversion,” he said. “Religious conversion is something that has to be done at a deeper level and takes years of time.”

John Essigmann, a professor of chemistry and engineering at MIT, said he saw Tenzin in the dining hall discussing gravitational lensing with a renowned physics professor. The next night, he and a neurophysician were debating theories about meditation’s effects on the brain.

“All in a seamless conversation, as natural as could be,” Essigmann said.

Tenzin said his spiritual adviser is the 14th Dalai Lama, who is no stranger to MIT. The exiled monarch of Tibet visited the campus in 2003 to participate in a conference called “Investigating the Mind: Exchanges Between Buddhism and the Biobehavioral Sciences on How the Mind Works.”

B. Alan Wallace, a Buddhist scholar who spoke at that conference, said science and Buddhism is a “match waiting to be made,” although there are skeptics on both sides.

“The very conservative elements on both sides will in all likelihood continue to ignore each other for the foreseeable future,” he said.

Tenzin said Buddhists have been studying and cultivating the mind for 2,500 years, but he wants to explore ways that science can answer questions that religion cannot.

“Buddhism goes very well with MIT,” he said. “We both want people to have good reasons for their beliefs.”

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Dolphins use sponges as tools

WASHINGTON (AP) -- A group of dolphins living off the coast of Australia apparently teach their offspring to protect their snouts with sponges while foraging for food in the sea floor.

Researchers say it appears to be a cultural behavior passed on from mother to daughter, a first for animals of this type, although such learning has been seen in other species.

The dolphins, living in Shark Bay, Western Australia, use conically shaped whole sponges that they tear off the bottom, said Michael Kruetzen, lead author of a report on the dolphins in Tuesday's issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

"Cultural evolution, including tool use, is not only found in humans and our closest relatives, the primates, but also in animals that are evolutionally quite distant from us. This convergent evolution is what is so fascinating," said Kruetzen.

Researchers suspect the sponges help the foraging dolphins avoid getting stung by stonefish and other critters that hide in the sandy sea bottom, just as a gardener might wear gloves to protect the hands.

Kruetzen and colleagues analyzed 13 "spongers" and 172 "non-spongers" and concluded that the practice seems to be passed along family lines, primarily from mothers to daughters.

"Teaching requires close observation by the pupil," Kruetzen said. "Offspring spend up to four years before they are weaned, so they would have ample time to observe their mum doing it -- if she is a sponger."

"This study provides convincing evidence that the behavior is transmitted via social learning," commented Laela Sayigh of the University of North Carolina Center for Marine Science.

"Such social learning appears to be widespread among the Shark Bay dolphins," said Sayigh, who was not part of Kruetzen's team.

Only one male was observed using a sponge. Kruetzen noted that, as adults, male and female dolphins have very different lifestyles.

Adult males form small groups of two or three individuals that chase females in reproductive condition, he explained. "I would think that they do not have time to engage in such a time-consuming foraging activity as adults, as they are busy herding females."

Currently at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, Kruetzen was at the University of New South Wales, Australia, when the research was conducted. The work was funded by the Australian Research Council, the National Geographic Society, the W.V. Scott Foundation and the Linnaean Society of New South Wales.

Japan unveils "robot suit" that enhances human power

The 15-kilogram (33-pound) battery-powered suit, code-named HAL-5, detects muscle movements through electrical-signal flows on the skin surface and then amplifies them.

It can also move on its own accord, enabling it to help elderly or handicapped people walk, developers said.

The prototype suit will be displayed at the World Exposition that is currently taking place in Aichi prefecture, central Japan.

Japan has seen a growing market for technology geared toward the elderly, who are making up an increasing chunk of the population as fewer younger Japanese choose to start families.

A government report last week showed that pensioners made up a record 19.5 percent of the country's population in 2004 and that the ratio will grow rapidly, surpassing 35 percent in 2050.