TrujilloPeru's Xanga

Zaña

Fri, 02 May 2008 12:15:17 GMT

Zaña, Lambayeque was a potential capital city of Peru. It was sacked by pirates in 1686 & destroyed by floods in 1720. It has interesting remains of colonial houses, churches, convents & a museum.

Evidence Found for Canals That Watered Ancient Peru - New York Times- [ Traduzca esta página ]

RUNNING WATER The sites of ancient irrigation canals.
People in Peru's Zaña Valley dug the canals as early as
6,700 years ago to divert river water to their crops. ...
In the Andean foothills of Peru, not far from the Pacific coast,
archaeologists have found what they say is evidence for the
earliest known irrigated agriculture in the Americas.
www.nytimes.com/2006/01/03/science/03peru.html?ex=1293944400&en=4d325c1548e573d2&ei=5090&part... - Páginas similares

Promocionan excursión a Zaña durante próximo feriado largo
Con el fin de que los lambayecanos conozcan sus recursos turísticos, Iperú promociona la excursión al histórico distrito de Zaña, a unos 46 kilómetros de Chiclayo, durante este fin de semana largo. La supervisora de Iperú-Chiclayo, Pamela Salazar, comentó que desde mañana los pobladores que aún no conocen la colonial ciudad de Zaña tendrán la oportunidad de visitarla a precios cómodos. Se podrá disfrutar de un “viaje en el tiempo”, conociendo conventos, templos y casas coloniales en Zaña, que fue una de las candidatas para capital durante la época colonial. A ello se suma el Museo Afro Peruano, que reúne el legado histórico de la cultura de afro descendientes en el Perú. Indicó que con un promedio de S/. 15 se podrá conocer esta riqueza turística. www.travelupdate.com.pe 30/4/2008.

Zaña - On Line

«Tierra del Tondero y Cuna del Señor de Sipán». Se bienvenido turista a esta bella Ciudad, tierra de mucho pasado y de mucha dignidad. ...
perso.wanadoo.es/zanaperu/ - 9k - En caché

Museo Afroperuano
En año del 2002 se decide la creación del Museo Afroperuano en la ciudad de Zaña.
www.museoafroperuano.org/iniciomuseo1A.html - 4k -

Zaña Lambayeque
www.lambayeque.com/provincia/ciudad.php

Who brought the slaves to America?
www.iamthewitness.com/books/Walter.White/Who.Brought.the.Slaves.to.America.htm

Museo de Sitio del Valle Moche

Sun, 20 Apr 2008 23:50:42 GMT

Diario La República - Online - Huacas El Sol y La Luna tendrán su ... - 22:18

El primer mandatario, quien dijo que el museo de Sitio del Valle Moche permitirá que las huacas El Sol y La Luna sean centros turísticos, señaló que estos ...
www.larepublica.com.pe/content/view/215721/30/ - 45k

Huacas El Sol y La Luna serán patrimonio de la humanidad augura García

Mandatario inauguró Museo de Sitio del Valle Moche en región La Libertad.
www.elcomercioperu.com.pe/.../2008-04-18/huacas-sol-y-luna-seran-patrimonio-humanidad-augura-garcia.html - 21k

RPP NOTICIAS - Huacas trujillanas y Chan Chan serían patrimonio de ... - 22:30

El museo forma parte del "Proyecto Integral de Excavación, Conservación y Puesta en Uso Social de la Huaca El Sol y la Luna", que representan la capital de ...
www.rpp.com.pe/detalle_122127.html - 71k

Buscar Lima, 18 de abril del 2008 Lo último Hoy retoman audiencia ... - 22:30 Video

Huacas del Sol y la Luna tendrán museo de sitio. Trujillo, 18 de abril.- El presidente Alan García asistió a la ceremonia de colocación de la primera piedra ...
agenciaperu.tv/index.php?viewkey=e964f89c2d59e8a24991&category=&section=12 - 53k

Huacas La Luna y El Sol serán patrimonio de la humanidad, señala ...

(10:33) Huacas La Luna y El Sol serán patrimonio de la humanidad, ... Durante la ceremonia de colocación de la primera piedra del Museo de Sitio del Valle ...
www.andina.com.pe/Espanol/Noticia.aspx?id=zKEMuPjWyUs= - 61k

NoticiasTrujillo - Inicio Trujillo tendrá Museo de Sitio más importante del Perú

Alan García llega hoy a Trujillo para inaugurar museo e infraestructura ... de la primera piedra del Museo de Sitio de las Huacas El Sol y La Luna. ...
www.noticiastrujillo.com/ - 76k

Huacas El Sol y La Luna serán patrimonio de la humanidad, afirma ...

El Presidente de la República, Alan García, en ceremonia de colocación de la primera piedra del Museo de Sitio de las Huacas El Sol y La Luna. ...
www.andina.com.pe/espanol/Noticia.aspx?id=RYBJD1U7C00= - 66k

PDF] CURANDERAS A LA SOMBRA DE LA HUACA DE LA LUNA Versión en HTML

Proyecto Huaca de la Luna, Museo de Arqueología, Jr. Junín 682 Trujillo, Perú. E-mail:. uceda@ddm.com.pe. Bull. Inst. fr. études andines ...
www.ifeanet.org/publicaciones/boletines/33(1)/81.pdf

Colonial Trujillo Peru

Mon, 14 Apr 2008 18:55:37 GMT

Trujillo del Perú was founded by Diego de Almagro in December (maybe late November) 1534, under express orders from Francisco Pizarro and the foundation was formalized in March 1535. It was founded among 4 Chimú settlements (Moche, Huanchaco, Huamán & Mampuesto), so they could ally against the Incas. It was named after Pizarro´s home town, & the original street plan traced by Martín de Estete, following royal ordinances via Panamá, requiring for example a military building (intendencia) on the plaza. It was a religious & military conquest & details like the town hall could wait.

The Plaza de Armas originally had 3 solares on each side, plots which stretched to the next street. Each house typically had a zaguán or entrance hall to a first reception patio, the salón with the cuadra behind, leading to the second patio with the family rooms around it & a third patio with the servants’ quarters, stables, gardens and a well.

In 1687 a city wall designed by the Italian José de Fomento was completed by the Duke of Palata, to make the residents feel safe from pirates. As the city grew, it disappeared from where we now have the elliptic Avenida España.

There are just three restored remnants; la Portada de la Sierra, an entry gate towards the highlands at the top (9^th block) of Pizarro, while a buttress & a ‘cortina’ (that ran between two buttresses) at opposite ends of Colón. Near the entrance, there are remains of the original distribution cistern (caja de aguas) which directed water in 5 directions.

The same pedestrian area has a fountain built by Gustave Eiffel,

transferred from the Plaza de Armas (see painting) for strategic reasons during the war of the Pacific (1879-1883). It shows four statues of people representing the four seasons.

City Tour

A 9am start from the top end of Pizarro, down to Orbegoso & past the Plaza de Armas to the corner of Bolognesi, returning up Independencia to Junín, gives time for breaks before finishing at the University museum which is open until 2.45pm. Colonial houses are generally open 9.30am to 1pm & 4.30-6.15pm on weekdays & Saturdays until midday.

Architecture

From the start, the height of buildings was limited by the possibility of seismic activity. The lack of good quality wood & stone & the costs of working them helped them acquire faith in adobe, which resists earthquakes, keeps heat in & out, with three thousand years of experience readily available.

Initially floors were mud & roofs were flat, until the occurrence of El Niño rains dictated change. Floors became rounded stones, flagstones or red brick & the roofs acquired slopes. The colonial architecture was then built on terrepleines around the patios. There were extensive mural designs. The Gothic art style was lost in the 1619 earthquake. Moorish & baroque styles remained in the 17^th century. Baroque mestizo, an indigenous influence continued until 1760. From then there were rococo, French, Italian & English influences. A single solid colour is typical of the last century. Only the colours traditionally available should be used in the historic centre.

Windows were few & high for security. Originally of wood, they were painted dark blue or green. The copper content helped protect the wood from insects. Decorated iron nails, knockers (aldavas) & hinges & protectors helped provided security.

The stone window sills (peanas) & canopies (conopeas) helped keep them in position, especially after iron was imported from Biscay after the 1759 earthquake: first forged (forjado) & then cast (fundido) iron railings. The metal was often painted black, with gold coloured embellishments. The white seen today is a tradition for the last century.

All of Trujillo was destroyed by the earthquake on St. Valentine’s Day in 1619. What was not destroyed was demolished. A few details remain in the entrance halls (zaguánes) & below later foundations.

As a result of natural disasters, financial problems, sales & inheritances, few houses retain all three. The Casa Orbegoso & Casa del Mayorazgo acquired L-shaped plans.

Churches (On google map)

The churches started with the form of a Latin cross. They started off as monasteries or convents. Later, if they had less than 15 monks, nuns or novices they were limited to being churches. Minor churches started with just one tower. The second tower & lateral naves appeared later.

The Cathedral (Orbegoso 4 & Independencia 5) was rebuilt between 1647-1666, two previous churches on the same site having been destroyed by earthquakes. It has baroque & rococo altars, the wooden principal altar having being restored after the 1970 earthquake. It has Quito & Cuzco style paintings & a museum alongside with outstanding paintings & religious clothing.

To the right of the Cathedral in the photo is the Cathedral Museum, & next door, the Archbishop's Palace.

The Archbishop’s Palace & particularly the woodwork & Seville tiles, were beautifully restored for the visit of Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Secretary of state of the Vatican, & opened to the public subsequently in September 2007.

La Merced was one of the first two churches of Trujillo & was rebuilt in 1630. It was constructed by Alfonso de las Nieves. The main façade is baroque, with the founder of the order San Pedro Nolasco in the lateral façade too.

Its espadañas could not carry a full-sized bell, so the bells lie on the floor near the entrances.

The upper choir stalls have a mock, painted, wooden, rococo 18^th century organ & the original altar (painted on the wall before there was wood or funds), is still on view in the nave nearest the lateral entrance.

The main altar is covered in gold leaf.

The four pechinas painted below the inner dome which collapsed in the 1970 earthquake have been beautifully restored.

La ex-Compania de Jesús (Pizarro 3 & Almagro 3), a work of Diego de la Puente between 1632-1633 was considered the bench mark for later buildings, including the cathedral. The Jesuits were expelled from the colonies around 1766 & never returned to Trujillo.

Simón Bolívar founded the first republican university there in 1824 & the National University of Trujillo still uses it for conferences & occasional exhibits.

The nocturnal picture shows from right to left, doric, ionic & compound Corinthian capitels on its columns.

San Francisco (Independencia 607 & Gamarra) has part (cátedra) of the pulpit from which San Francisco predicted (in 1613) that Trujillo would be destroyed, as it was, later in 1619. The pulpit, main altar & polychrome altars are of baroque style.

Santo Domingo (1638-1642 & 1669)(Pizarro 2 & Bolognesi 4).

Santa Clara (Junín 4 & Independencia 6) convent’s church has a ‘torna voz’, where you can talk, but not see the cloistered nuns. The public can see them only during Sunday mass when they sing in ‘seven voices’ at 8am.

Belén (1705), the church of the hospital order was considered audacious for its height in an area which is prone to earthquakes. It was the last to reopen, late in 1995, following the 1970 earthquake.

San Agustín (1658) Bolivar 508 & Orbegoso 6) has a main altar & pulpit, both covered in gold leaf & of baroque style.

Santa Ana (Orbegoso 2 & Zepita 4), Santa Rosa (1717) & San Lorenzo (Ayacucho 4 & Colón 7) were originally ‘iglesias menores’ for the indigenous people.

San Lorenzo’s roof collapsed as a result of the 1997/8 ‘El Niño’ rains, so our wedding was more economic, helped the restoration fund & was better illuminated for the wedding photos than normal.

Monasterio e Iglesia del Carmen (Bolívar & Colón) was finished in 1725, but only opened its picture gallery (pinacoteca) & occasionally the church (in photo) to the public in the 1990s. The monastery remains closed.

There are four churches near Chimú sites, away from the city centre.

San Salvador de Mansiche & its Popes’ Plaza were visited by the Pope John Paul II in 1984. The arch commemorating his visit was demolished when the avenue was widened. A huge cross at the Ovalo Papal on the Avenida América is a reminder of hundreds of thousands gathering to see him there. He visited Iquitos too, el ‘Papa charapa.’

Santiago de Huamán has a baroque mestizo façade. It is 3km west of Trujillo’s centre.

Virgen del Perpetuo Socorro de Huanchaco has an extensive view over the bay. Pilgrimages each 5 years since it was built go to San José, Mansiche & around the 12 churches inside Trujillo’s Avenida España.

San José is at the north entrance to the Velarde palace of Chan Chan. The lighting was improved from Trujillo to Huanchaco & at its two churches in 2008.

Lighting was also improved at the Cathedral, San Francisco, Carmen, San Agustín

Nocturnal tours are being programmed for Trujillo. As a result of interest in the Historic Centre of Trujillo becoming World Heritage, it was realized the cemetery is historically important & is to be included in such tours.

Colonial houses (on google map)

Casa de la Emancipación (Pizarro 610 & Gamarra) has a copy of the coat of arms of Trujillo, authorized by Carlos I (Karl V) in 1537 to reward its loyalty to Spain. It is where the precursors of independence met for the forthcoming independence of Peru, became the first seat of Constituent Congress in 1823 & the government of Riva Agüero. One hall houses a model of colonial Trujillo; an exhibit on the Bishop of Trujillo Martinez de Compañon, replicas of his water colours; and another on Peru´s best known poet, Cesar Abraham Vallejo Mendoza, including his works translated into many languages. Another has a varied & interesting gallery maintained by BBVA.

Palacio Iturregui (Pizarro 688 & Junín) was built around 1840 by the man who declared the independence of Lambayeque before moving to Trujillo. The American George Squier declared the most splendid residence in South America. It still conserves its three patios & has been the home of the Club Central for over a century.

You can enter the first patio with marble floors, wrought & cast iron windows, & with a prior appointment, more of the house & its ceramic collection. It was the first residence to have a functional second floor.

Casa Urquiaga y Calonge, Pizarro 446 is on its original bases, a solar allocated in 1534.

Bolívar lived here in the early 1820s, leaving his writing desk & documents of the first government & the founding of what became today’s National University of Trujillo.

Its dining hall is beautifully lit by the skylight & chandelier.

The picture shows the second of three patios it still conserves &

the third still has a fig tree, indicating that its descendants are from one of the 13 settling families. It is occupied by Banco Central de la Reserva.

Next door on Pizarro, Guillermo Ganoza' s house still has caballos de paso appear on Festival days.

La Municipalidad (Pizarro 402) was donated by Victor Larco in 1917, & lost its third storey during the 1970 earthquake. Trujillo’s independence from Spain was declared on the same site, in an earlier town hall on 29^th December 1820. Iperu has its information office here.

Simón Bolívar called the Department La Libertad & its centenary was celebrated with the building of a monument built by the concourse winner the German Edmund Müller.

Casa del Mayorazgo de Facalá (Pizarro 314 & Bolognesi 5) was where Peru’s first flag was embroidered.

It has the best corner balcony in Trujillo, with beautiful interior & exterior woodcarvings.

The building was beautifully restored in 1991 by BancoWiese which became Scotia Bank.

La Casa Muñoz La Casa Muñoz y Cañete. Constructed on the plot assigned to the Márquez Francisco Pizarro. Until recently occupied by the Prefect of Trujillo. The typical 18th century coastal plan was adapted in the 19th century. As is traditional in republican architecture of vice royal origin it has all adobe walls, wood, cane & mud plaster (quincha) roofing.

Ex-Hotel Carranza (Orbegoso 311 & San Martín 5). It was previously known as Hotel del Arco, as there used to be an arch on the corner permitting access to the Main Plaza from the north. The poet César Vallejo (1892-1938) lived in a room there as a student & teacher. Rincon de Vallejo is an excellent typical restaurant here & nearby on España.

Casa Orbegoso, Orbegoso 553, was the residence of the only Peruvian President from the Region of La Libertad, General Luis Jaime de Orbegoso y Moncada. His body was transferred from the Miraflores cemetery to the crypt below his house on his 200^th birthday in 1995. The corner balcony is eclectic & gives a good view over the patio to the San Agustín church, to which it used to belong.

The entrance hall (zaguán) has Moorish, baroque, baroque mestizo, rococo & neoclassic art. The wooden lattice of the chancellery (cancela) permitted secure communication with the first patio.

Cannons like those on the first & corner patios originally defended the Plaza Armada, later called the Plaza de Armas & today the Plaza Mayor.

The turned window bars & frames are painted green like the rest of the woodwork. Above the windows (cenofa) above the terrepleine there is rococo art. Orbegoso, in a painting in the main hall above the entrance, used to receive the mail via the corner balcony. Riders did not wait around during the struggle for independence, as it was uncertain who were royalists & republicans.

The house lost its rear patio & its plan became L-shaped, but the second patio still has an artesanal well & the remains of a mill. The passage between the patios enabled horses to be separated from the carriage in the first patio & dispatched to the stables off the second patio. Interbank restored it & occasionally has exhibitions in its gallery & cultural activities in its corner patio. Visits are free, but identity documents are required to enter the house. It was being restored for 8 months between 2007 & 2008.

Casa Airaldi, Orbegoso 586, has one of the three oldest facades in Trujillo, from 1620-1650. The mock archway is given away by the paint which has come away from its wooden lintel. It is up for sale, if you have a US$1million or two.

Casa Bracamonte (or Lizarzaburu, Independencia 441) has an artesanal well. Rarely open to the public. Occupied by the Beneficiencia Pública & IPSS.

Casa Garci Olguín, now occupied by Caja Norperu, was restored in 2000. There is permanent access to its ATM, so you can see into its only remaining patio, but unfortunately the ATM & publicity block the view of panels explaining the restoration process & its Moorish, baroque & rococo artwork, the late renaissance from the end of the 16th & first decades of the 17th centuries. A safe from Bilston was made by appointment to Queen Victoria.

Casa Loyers’ (Independencia 5) earliest history is from 1774. It belonged to English descendants, until Banco del Trabajo acquired & restored it in the 1990s. Neoclassic art has been restored in its only remaining patio.

Casa Ganoza Chopitea, de los Leones (Independencia 628) has Moorish, baroque & rococo influences on its façade. The wooden balcony was made from remnants of earlier examples. It also has a wrought iron window. It conserves a second patio with quincha (plastered cane) roof, but the third patio is a modern conference hall.

La Casa Martínez de Pinillos y Hoyle (Junín 454). Built in 1846 of adobe, wood & some brick structure, it has a marked neoclassic influence & symmetric republican façade with barroque influences. It houses the Chamber of Commerce.

Casa Risco (Junín 682 & Ayacucho 4, 1709-1723)

Houses the National University of Trujillo Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology & History.

Casa Aranda, (Bolívar 6). Built in the mid 18th Century, its portal is the only example of barroque mestizo in north Peru; like few others it has Moorish, late renaissance, barroque, rococo & modern neoclassic influences. Its owner had artists from the province bring in the indigenous influences.

Hallan restos coloniales en el centro de Trujillo

Hallan restos coloniales en el centro de Trujillo. Arqueólogos del INC hicieron excavaciones en plena Plaza de Armas y en calles adyacentes ...
www.elcomercio.com.pe/edicionimpresa/Html/2008-01-24/hallan-restos-coloniales-centro-trujillo.html - 20k

Thanks to Bob Loeb for the use of his photos

www.flickr.com/photos/bobloeb/sets/72157602957997852/?page=2

Apoyar el Proyecto Especial de Recuperación del Patrimonio Monumental de Trujillo.

1 http://truxillodelperu.blogspot.com/

2 Inventario del patrimonio cultural.

3 PECHT Proyecto Especial Centro Histórico de Trujillo.
4 Programa mi padrino

Tours in English

Sat, 12 Apr 2008 21:55:04 GMT

Cruises, Transport, Trujillo north Peru, Tours in 5 languages, Huacas de Moche, Sipán, Túcume,

Guides & books, Ecuador Peru route, Chan Chan links, Festivals – Marinera, Primavera & Caballos de paso,

Peru Biodiversity & Birds, Sican, Túcume, National Geographic & other links, TV & Football, Google Earth maps

Tours in English Español Francais Italiano Deutsch

As recommended in the best guidebooks, our most popular programme includes the following sites, costs, & times.

Day 1. Archaeological Tour

Huacas de Moche: Moche Pyramids of the Sun & the Moon, and Campiña de Moche (countryside).

www.huacadelaluna.org.pe

Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology & History, of the National University of Trujillo www.unitru.edu.pe/cultural/arq/

or Chan Chan Site Museum. Museo de Sitio de Chan Chan

Lunch break

Dragon (or Rainbow) Temple

Tschudi Palace of Chan Chan

Chan Chan links

Huanchaco Beach and reedboats

It takes 3 hours to visit the Huacas del Sol y de la Luna (Pyramids of the Sun & the Moon) &
Campiña de Moche, & 3.5 hours for 3 parts of Chan Chan, and the sites open around 9am.

The Moche countryside gives the opportunity to explain the geology, climate, water flow, irrigation,
flora, fauna & economic activities throughout time and the sequence of cultures.

In the Pyramids extensive polychrome mural relief paintings can be seen, as well as excavations in progress.

The University Museum explains the geography and chronology of the principal ages and cultures of North Peru,
with exhibits from the principal cultures, including objects found recently in the Pyramids.
We expand on the brief explanations, written only in Spanish.

The Pyramid of the Sun was the largest pre-Columbian mudbrick pyramid in the Americas,
and Chan Chan was the largest city in the Americas when the Incas arrived.

Day 2.City Tour

We visit the 2 principal squares and monuments, and the best of the colonial houses and/or churches,
or modern suburbs, in accordance with your preferences. 2 or 3 hours.
Weekday (9am-1pm) & Saturday (9am-noon) mornings or weekday afternoons (4.30-6.15pm) are best.

Cassinelli Museum
Contrast a private collection of excellent ceramics with no written explanation, in a curious location,
with those scientifically excavated in the University museum.
1 hour

Day 3. Temple of Doom El Brujo Archaeological Complex 4 hours

ElBrujoPeru

A trip 40 kilometres north up the Pan-American Highway and then 20 kilometres west
through the sugar cane fields leads us to Huaca Prieta, a coastal temple 4,500 years old
from preceramic times, a site later extended by the Cupisnique, from Chavin times,
with Salinar & Virú/Gallinazo cultural remains, 2 Moche Pyramids, El Brujo,
where shamans still perform, & Cao Viejo with profuse polychrome relieves,
Lambayeque & Chimú cemeteries, and a ruined colonial Dominican church.

Optional: We can pass through the site of 2 priestesses, La Sacerdotisa de San José de Moro,
its museum & continue on to pass the night in Chiclayo.
2 hours.

Day 4. Visit Sipán, Museo Brüning, & Túcume. 7 hours.
Sipán has yielded 13 tombs so far, including 2 of the richest excavated in the western world
this century, and their contents & more are displayed in the Brüning Museum.
Túcume comprises 28 great pyramids, including the largest mudbrick construction in the Americas, if not the world.

Alternatively, Túcume & the 2 new museums can be visited in a full day from Trujillo.
The new Museo Nacional Sicán in Ferreñafe, inaugurated the first week in May 2001, opened on 3rd November 2001.

The new National Museum for Gold treasures from ancient Peru
The Royal Tombs of Sipán in Lambayeque, opened in November 2002.

1. Huaca del Sol (Pyramid of the Sun)
3 km south east of Trujillo, this pyramid is 43 metres tall. A legend says that it was constructed
in just 3 days, by 200,000 men. It is estimated that up to 143 million adobe mudbricks form the pyramid.
100 years ago the German Max Uhle discovered 23 burials from the Moche culture in the first platform &
a Chimú cemetery near to its south face. Although climbing is prohibited, its size is impressive from below,
or in the landscape from the Pyramid of the Moon.

Huaca de La Luna (Pyramid of the Moon)
150 metres east of the Sun Pyramid, also on the left side of the Moche river. Inside the adobe walls,
180 metres long north-south, and 215 metres east-west, & 3 platforms, are estimated to exist 8,000m2
of mural paintings & neatly defined polychrome relieves. 28 of an estimated 32 metre height remain,
which provide extensive views over the excavations in the Mochica urban area, the valley, the Andes,
& the Pacific Ocean.
Discoveries include human sacrifices, tombs, ceramics & textiles decorated with metals from the Moche culture,
& wooden models inlaid with tropical sea shells from the Chimú, representing funerals & ritual offerings in
ceremonial squares in honor of their ancestors.

Urban area
Excavations have revealed canals, avenues, side streets, adobe homes, patios, hearths, kitchens for dwellings
& groups of dwellings, ceramic workshops, & burials with dozens of ceramics.

Ticket sales are 9am-4.00pm daily. From 1 January 2002 the entrance ticket includes the northern facade,
Garrido friezes & internal patios in the 11.00 nuevo soles general price, S/6.00 student price & S/1 childrens' price.

2. Chan Chan
It is said that Taykanamo, the legendary Founder of Chan Chan, came from the ocean,
learned the native language, constructed his temple & home, & was elected leader.
It was the most important nucleus of the Chimú culture   (IX-XV century AD). It is considered the
largest pre-Colombian mudbrick city in the world & was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986.
Over an area of 14 km2 spread remains of palaces, popular suburbs, cultivated fields, cemeteries, etc.,
that evidence the level reached by this culture extended along half of the Peruvian coast.
The 9 palaces or citadels are comprised of squares & auditoriums, in the ceremonial religious,
civil & military sectors, wells for ceremonial & daily use, a mausoleum, all surrounded by stores,
with direct corridors & mazes inside the outer walls.

They were connected with the irrigation canals, excellent roads and pyramid temples.
Their enormous walls have been profusely decorated with relieves of geometric figures,
zoomorphic style and mythological beings.
The workshops and popular dwellings are outside, in intermediate and popular architecture.
The Chimú people were great craftsmen in metals, ceramics, textiles, wood, sea shell & stone carvings,
in greater quantity than the Moche.
An admirable vast system of subterranean aqueducts & canals constructed to bring water from enormous
distances, gives rise to opinions of experts & that the importance of Chan Chan is comparable to Teotihuacán,
in Mexico, or the ancient cities of Egypt, Mesopotamia & China.

3. Chan Chan Site Museum
5 kms from Trujillo, on the road to Huanchaco, it has models of monumental, popular & intermediate architecture,

chronological charts, maps & a sound & light show of the cultural development; photos of the natural environment;
remains of the Stone Age; ceramics from 5 cultures, textiles & metals; life-size models of textile & metal
workshops; replicas of mud friezes; fishing & farming implements; in a wood with flora & fauna typical of the zone.
It has been the site of 2 Pan-American Conservation Courses in 1996 & 1999, & the Second Meeting on the Moche
Culture in 1999.

Huaca del Dragón, o Arco Iris (Dragon or Rainbow Temple)
This temple, on the Pan-American Highway 4 km to the north of the city of Trujillo, is decorated
with anthropomorphic figures & stylised representations, & a rainbow similar to a centipede.
The reopening of its museum is awaited, with photographs of the restoration, idols carved in wood with
incrustations of sea shells, & ceramics from the Chimú, Cajamarca & Recuay cultures, excavated from the area.

Esmeralda Temple
Situated 3 blocks behind the church of San Salvador de Mansiche, 2.5 kms west of the centre of Trujillo,
this temple has ramps & platforms decorated with sea otters, fish & birds, & fishing net patterns.

Visits
Tickets are sold at the Tschudi Palace, Dragon or Rainbow Temple (Arco Iris), & Site Museum.
They are valid for these 3 sites, & Esmeralda Temple.
The ticket office hours are 9am-4.30pm. They may close on December 25th & January 1st.
The general entrance costs PES/11.00, PES/1 for schoolchildren & PES/6.00 for ISIC students,
Peruvian pensioners, professors, terciary students, armed forces & police.
They are not on sale at Esmeralda.

4. El Brujo
Situated in the district of Magdalena de Cao, it has exceptional geographic & historic attributes,
for its natural environment, cultural discoveries, traditional & actual economic activities.
It overlooks the the Ocean & countryside & it continues to be a rich source of marine & agricultural products.
El Brujo helps to relate the cultural development with nature, archaeology & eco-tourism,
the most popular tourism categories in Peru.
These values are complimented by its visual aspects & the constant discoveries; they are exceptionally
eye-catching in the media, museums & expositions, both actual & virtual.
It has undoubted historic value for its use by a compendium of cultures from the first horticulturalists, up to
today; its cultural importance during 2,000 years; the first use in Peru of carbon 14 for dating organic materials;
a tradition of conservation from the fire engraved gourds from 1946 up to the actual Programme; monumental
architecture with marked bricks; mural paintings & the first polychrome relieves with the predilect themes of
Moche iconography; the fastuosity of the Moche ceramics; the Moche metalwork; the chamber tombs with wall
paintings, a reburial, a priestess’s tomb, the only tomb in a spiral well, an imposing idol & spearthrowers carved
in wood, all from the Moche; the quality & complexity of their art & architecture & their state of conservation;
fine textiles of hundreds of burials from the Lambayeque culture, including a burial inside the architecture of
the Huaca Cao Viejo; the architecture & an extensive Chimú cemetery; a colonial church of the Dominican fathers;
& the evidence of natural phenomena throughout time.
The El Brujo Complex must have housed an important population centre in the lower part of the valley,
where the political & religious activities would have been centralised especially at the end of the Moche period,
as the religious capital of the valley.
Discoveries are from the Preceramic Period (Bird 1946); Cupisnique, Salinar, Gallinazo, Moche, Lambayeque,
& Chimú cultures; colonial & actual times.
While excavating the replica of the tomb in the Museum, colonial ceramics were found.
El Brujo has visual aspects, like the colour, contrasts & quality of its art, whose state of conservation
has been facilitated by the artists of the past & the techniques of today.
These visual cultural aspects, and the natural panorama from its lookouts over the ocean & the countryside;
are great attractions to visitors.
General entrance PES/11.00, students PES/6.00.

Tour Circuits
City Tours, history, colonial houses, churches, monuments.
Pyramids of the Sun & the Moon (Sol y Luna),
Temples of the Dragon or Rainbow(Arco Iris) & Esmeralda,
Tschudi Palace of Chan Chan, Huanchaco.

Trujillo- El Brujo- San José de Moro - Chiclayo.
Sipán & site museum, Royal Tombs Museum, Brúning Museum, Túcume, Sican Museum.

Museo Nacional Sicán (Español) Sican Museum, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque.

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Michael White Temple
Clara Luz Bravo Díaz
Delicia del Carmen Andrés Bravo,
Cahuide 495, Urb. Santa María, Trujillo, Peru
Tel +51 44 243347/299997.
Cellular 9662710/9607119.
Email: microbewhite@yahoo.com
Accommodation: www.xanga.com/CasadeClara

Tours (5 languages), transport, route, weather, holidays: