爲學目標:學貫古今中西印阿 旁通人文社會自然The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom
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Friday, October 10, 2008

上帝來到中國

喜歡話劇的你,和喜歡中國教會史的你,又怎可以錯過呢?!

《上帝來到中國》

七幕上帝推動中國改革開放的悲喜劇

編導及設計:胡恩威

編劇:張建偉

日期 :31/10 - 2/11/2008 8pm

1- 2/11/2008 3pm

地點:香港大會堂劇場

票價 $180, $280, $400

粵語演出附英文字幕

門票即日起於各城市電腦售票處公開發售

劇情簡介

第一講:一八四零

歷史課講師在黑板上寫下「一八四零年」,一八四零年是上帝在中國的一個分水嶺,此前,傳教士們好懂事兒,無怨無悔。不需要他的宗教,他給你需要的科學。利瑪竇和湯若望的墓地,至今有碑文頌詞,供人瞻仰;鴉片戰爭後,傳教士們跟著帝國主義的炮艦,一路闖進中國,幾乎全都是披著宗教外衣的西方間諜,是手捧《聖經》的殺人不見血的魔鬼。兩個上帝,兩段歷史,兩種行為,黑白分明,不容分說地走進了教科書中的中國近代史。但這就是上帝在中國的一切嗎?在這些愛恨分明的價值解說之外,我們還知道些什麼、還應該知道些什麼?歷史課講師和同學展開了討論。

第二講:紅衣大將軍

歷史課講師擦去「一八四零年」,寫上「紅衣大將軍」,「紅衣大將軍」,即紅夷火炮,是紅髮紅鬍鬚的荷蘭海盜的火炮,這門炮的故事,幾乎就是「上帝在中國」的所有遭遇的縮影。明末明軍藉繳獲的紅夷火炮反勝清國,湯若望因懂得製造這門火炮,獲崇禎皇帝准許在宮中一面造炮,一面傳教。後來清國重炮戰,藉鑄炮技術領先而最後戰勝明朝,清朝皇帝把紅夷火炮封為「紅衣大將軍」。可是二百年後,大清卻因為火炮技術的落後輸掉鴉片戰爭。追根溯源,是因為在鴉片戰爭前的一百年前,康熙皇帝頒發諭令:不准再研製西洋火炮;並將西洋傳教士全部趕出了中國,從此中斷了西方科技與中國的聯繫……盛世之君才是鴉片戰爭失敗的歷史罪人!

第三講:傳教士與康熙

歷史課講師扮成患重病的康熙,細述西洋傳教士如何把皇上救活過來,並在森嚴的紫禁城宮牆上打開了一道傳播基督福音的缺口。他們藉著中國人對西方科學技術的好奇,向中國人傳播西方科學,潛移默化地滲透上帝的教義。康熙皇帝就從這時開始學習西方自然科學。傳教士一方面送來了科學,另一方面假裝臣服中國儒學,由此獲得在中國傳教的權力。羅馬教廷卻因有違宗教原則,禁止教徒遵守中國的政令習俗。並派出使節,監控傳教士。康熙皇帝認為,這是教廷干涉中國內政,從此禁止傳教。一百年後,西方傳教士再次回到中國時,卻是隨西方炮艦打進來的。中國再次通過西方傳教士接觸西方科學,其滋味已經大大不同。

第四講:地下工作者

清廷禁止西洋傳教,傳教士馬禮遜潛居廣州十三行,成為地下工作者,在華傳道二十五年,信徒只有四?人,最大貢獻是翻譯《聖經》,編著《華英字典》,開辦「英華書院」。其散發的《勸世良言》影響洪秀全創建太平天國。鴉片戰爭前六年,美國來華的第一個傳教士伯駕在十三行開設「新豆欄醫局」,以醫生身份來華傳教,治好清廷欽差林則徐的疝氣病,卻未能影響他通過國際通行的外交慣例,進行談判,舒緩禁煙造成的緊張局勢。鴉片戰爭爆發,洋人紛紛逃離廣州,伯駕留下救治了一萬多名中國病人。中國戰敗,簽訂喪權辱國的《南京條約》,此時的林則徐已被罷免,所以不負此歷史責任。伯駕後來幫助美國與清政府簽訂《望廈條約》,美國不廢一槍一彈,贏得《南京條約》中的所有在華權益。在中國近代史教科書上,被稱為「利用醫藥侵華的帝國主義分子」。

第五講:墨海書館

「墨海書館」是英國傳教士麥都思在中國開辦的第一家編譯西方科技書籍的出版社。鴉片戰爭後,西方傳教士終於可以來華傳教。但還是要透過傳授西洋知識,以求得中國人對傳教事業的支持。書館的印書機器「隆隆」聲響起。接過麥都思工作的傳教士偉烈亞力,與李善蘭等一批中華才俊及西方傳教士一起,組成中國近代史上第一個翻譯小組,譯出第一批西方科學著作,包括《幾何原本》全譯本,《數學啟蒙》、《重學淺說》、《植物學》、《西醫略談》等,都在中國近代科學史上有開拓之功。例如一九零五年廢科舉後,中國開始與世界各國同步,中學幾何課程開始採用以《幾何原本》為藍本的近代數學新教材,至今整整一百年。

第六講:同文館

一八六四年,恭親王利用丁韙良神父譯成的《萬國公法》中文版,解決了普魯士在中國領海捕獲丹麥船所引發國際糾紛。大清開設官校「同文館」,教授中國人西洋技藝之學,丁韙良擔任中國第一所官辦新學校長達三十四年。為中國引進各種西方學科,制訂八年教學規劃,試圖讓中國學生循序掌握西方科學的主要課程,一八九八年,丁韙良擔任了中國的第一所官辦大學京師大學堂校長。今天的北京大學,正是由京師大學堂和燕京大學合併而成的。前者是一位傳教士貢獻一生的結晶,而後者,本來便是一所教會大學,參與創辦燕京大學的,是比丁韙良神父還要著名的,在華辦學三十年的司徒雷登神父。

第七講:義和團

一九零零年夏天,義和團於北京進行排洋運動,結果引至八國聯軍攻入北京,慈禧太后化裝農婦逃難“西狩”,令其幡然醒悟,廢除科舉制。新科學和新教育事業如雨後春筍。大概的統計,到一九三七年,教會學校總數約有一萬五千所,在校學生總數約有一百萬名,其中大學生八千名,中學生九萬名。一九三一年,中國國辦大學只有三所,而教會大學卻有十四所,包括上海的震旦大學、聖約翰大學、南京的金陵大學、廣州嶺南大學……一九四九年,隨著中國人民解放軍打過長江,蔣介石政府逃到臺灣,在華傳教士已開始奉命撤退。此時,已是美國駐華大使的司徒雷登必須離開中國。上帝在中國大陸的使命即將終結……


There are a number of mistakes (in historical facts and names) in the introduction to the plot of the play. I may write them a letter and ask them to correct them.

(1) 丁韙良 and 司徒雷登 were both Protestant missionaries and therefore they were 牧師 not 神父.

(2) It was not Robert Morrison who 散發的《勸世良言》影響洪秀全創建太平天國. 《勸世良言》 was written by 梁發 and as far as I remembered,  洪秀全 got it from a Baptist missionary. I need to check on my books.

Nevertheless, it is great that a plot, so sympathetic to Christianity in China, was written by a mainland Chinese playwright and that such a theme on history and Christianity, is to be put on in the theatre in Hong Kong.

Thank you, Han Yan, for sending me the link.


Thursday, October 09, 2008

決裂無風聲有伏線

 (明報)10月9日 星期四 05:05

【明報專訊】全球都對新一輪金融海嘯造成的破壞目瞪口呆,另一邊廂的香港,不論是官場還是政黨中人,對那個突然直撲自由黨    的「政治海嘯」,同樣不寒而慄。寒之所在,為三子在抽身前一直毫無風聲。自由黨主席之爭雖然日趨白熱化,但立法會    終究要開鑼,為應付議會工作,6名自由黨立法會議員早約好在昨午4時財務委員會會議結束後,開會協調來屆分工。誰料「親田派」的劉健儀    、方剛及張宇人    ,在會議結束後等了半句鐘,也不見林健鋒    、梁劉柔芬及梁君彥的蹤影。沒多久,張宇人終收到電話,知悉林健鋒的退黨消息,身為代主席的劉健儀亦收到3人的退黨信,還有前主席田北俊    ,收到退黨3人組的來電作簡單交代。

...

如今「擁田派」雖保得住黨的主導角色,但在立法會的議席減半,不單在議會的影響力大不如前,3人黨是否能在改組後的行政會議    佔一席位頓成疑問。在商界的叫座力,也肯定遠遜從前。

試想,剩下來的3名立法會議員,劉健儀是律師,可說是專業人士;張宇人主力做飲食界,照顧的主要是食肆茶餐廳﹐方剛則主力在批發零售,他跟張宇人的主要選民,其實是那些中小企。反觀「林梁三人組」,林健鋒代表有大堆「大孖沙」會員的香港總商會    、梁君彥則來自本港四大商會之一的工業總會,對一班大財團來說,他們或許更易影響「林梁三人組」的政策立場。有中委會成員指,部分中委昨日私下討論時,對於田北辰發表「劉健儀不做主席便退黨」的威脅論相當不滿,一來認為他是新入黨,二來認為此番言論會分化自由黨,窒礙主席一職透過選舉產生。

中大政治與行政學系高級導師蔡子強形容,自由黨經此一役只餘下3個議席,面臨很大的泡沫化危機,影響力大為萎縮和議價能力減少,可能最終會解散或被吞併。他估計,工商界可能會改為支持民建聯    等群眾政黨,而林健鋒亦未必能組成政黨,肩負不到工商界參政的任務。


我雖然從未支持過自由黨, 但我也不想他們泡沫化, 因為如此, 香港的政治就更加是兩派對立, 這樣, 對香港長遠的民主政治發展, 我認為不是好事. (雖然, 在美英等民主國家, 也是兩黨政治, 但由於本人向來對兩黨制有保留, 所以也不欲見自由黨消失於香港政壇.) 如果香港商界自始正式支持民建聯, 那實非香港之福也.

 


Wednesday, October 08, 2008

看來, 自由黨真的會被泡沫化掉..... They are going to nail the coffin of the Liberal Party..... so sad.

林健鋒等3人退出自由黨 (明報)10月8日 星期三 21:05

立法會議員林健鋒、劉柔芬及梁君彥周三宣布退出自由黨,將會另組新政黨。

他們表示,自由黨不應虛耗在無謂爭拗上,退黨後會與其他人士另組政黨。


ETE press release

Press releases

1 October 2008

Leading open access journal breaks down the language barrier

English has long been the international language of the global scientific community. However, epidemiology and public health projects are often context-specific. To overcome this barrier, the journal, Emerging Themes in Epidemiology (ETE), is today publishing a series of articles aimed at introducing the wealth of knowledge from epidemiological and public health journals to the global community of epidemiologists in a variety of languages.

Harnessing local knowledge and channeling research output into local populations are important for empowering the very populations for which epidemiology and public health serves. In addition to the international English language journals, there are many epidemiology and public health journals published in different languages globally, from Spanish and Portuguese to Chinese and Russian, and these serve both as a channel through which local practitioners and experts gather scientific information and as a wealth of knowledge from which the data for systematic reviews and meta-analyses can be obtained.

ETE is an online, open access, peer-reviewed epidemiology journal run by research degree students at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Imperial College London and other prestigious institutions. It is hosted by BioMed Central, the world leader in online, Open Access, academic publishing. The Journal's mission is to promote debate and discussion on theoretical and methodological aspects of epidemiology.

The series of articles has been produced by authors from many international institutions and organizations. It is the brainchild of Mr. Isaac Fung, a PhD student at Imperial College London, who advocates the use of non-English literature and databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in epidemiology and public health research. Articles in the series cover epidemiology and public health journals published in the major languages of the world, including Chinese, French, German, Italian, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, and others, and introduce to their readers databases like EMBASE, the Index Medicus for the East Mediterranean Region, LILACS, SciELO, and Wan Fang etc.

The articles comment on and review the current scenarios of publishing science in non-English languages and the difficulties and opportunities non-English language journals face today.

Media Contact
Charlotte Webber
BioMed Central Press Office
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7631 9980
Email: charlotte.webber@biomedcentral.com

# # #

Emerging Themes in Epidemiology is an open access, peer-reviewed, online journal that aims to promote debate and discussion on practical and theoretical aspects of epidemiology.

BioMed Central (http://www.biomedcentral.com/) is an independent online publishing house committed to providing immediate access without charge to the peer-reviewed biological and medical research it publishes. This commitment is based on the view that open access to research is essential to the rapid and efficient communication of science.


Currently Reading
China Through a College Window.
By William G. SEWELL
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Yesterday I was ill. A bad cold, a fever, a sore throat..... Stay at home for a day.

Every time when I am ill, I think of Death. How fragile human life is. My own illness also reminds me of my own purpose of doing research in infectious diseases and further reminds me of the suffering of others who are ill and in pain.

One day at home also allows me to take my much-needed rest. I am forced to rest.

And it allows me to finish a novel too! China through a college window was published in 1937, set in a fictitious Christian university in China called 私立仁義大學, shortened as Jen Dah (仁大) and was narrated in the first person. I think that the novel quite semi-autobiographical, albeit all the characters and places in the novels are fictitious. William Sewell had taught in two different Christian universities in China and he drew upon his own experiences to present the ups-and-downs of the development of Christian higher education in China in the Republican era from the early days of the Republic through the anti-Christian movement up to 1937. Sewell explained the difficulties experienced by Westerners who taught in China, the difficulties of the college administration, the poverty and tragedy of the poor in the city and the country, the idealism and heroic services of the students of the day. Sewell was able to present quite accurately the feelings of nationalism among the contemporary Chinese students and explained the feeling behind the anti-Christian movement. Of course, with the benefit of hindsight, I would argue that he could not foresee the success of Communism and the Communist Party and did not write more on the Communist influence upon the students which it deserves. Nevertheless, this novel presents a vivid account of Christian universities in China in the 1920s and 30s, through the sympathetic eyes of a missionary-professor.



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